Affirmative Action and the Law

Given the Past, Is Affirmative Action Necessary Today?

The legal system has played a powerful role in constructing and maintaining race and racial discrimination. Often, advances and setbacks around racial discrimination have been impacted by the courts. Affirmative action policies are an example of an issue that has been and continues to be shaped by court decisions. This inquiry provides students the opportunity to look closely at past legal decisions and current arguments for or against affirmative action. They will also examine historical laws that cemented race within the United States and legalized racial discrimination. Together, these historical and contemporary documents and discussion questions will challenge students to think about possible solutions to the current conflict around affirmative action in higher education.

Affirmative action protest
"If you don't like affirmative action, what is your plan to guarantee a level playing field of opportunity?"
Maynard Jackson, former mayor of Atlanta

Helpful Hints

  • Historical Empathy
    • When reading and discussing issues, encourage students to try taking the perspective of people from that time period when discussing point of view.
  • Discussion Questions
    • The discussion questions are the key element of the lessons. It is imperative that students discuss questions amongst themselves with the teacher acting as the facilitator. Please refer to guidelines on transactive discussion tips and techniques.
  • Writing prompts
    • Writing prompts are also key in reinforcing the new information and the discussion that has taken place. The prompts allow students to integrate the perspectives they have heard into a cohesive argument.
    • Make sure students complete writing prompts even if it means assigning the prompt as homework.

Lesson 1: Transactive Discussion Practice

Objectives

  • Students will examine photos related to Affirmative Action and the Law within the U.S. context
  • Students will learn how to engage in transactive discussions

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4

 

Lesson 2: What are the Goals and Outcomes of Past Race-Based Laws?

Objectives

  • Students will critically examine the 1691 Law Against Interracial Marriage
  • Students will critically examine the Racial Integrity Act of 1924
  • Students will discuss the implications of these two laws within historical context.
  • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards:

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.2; VUS.3; GOVT.1; GOVT.3:

Lesson 3: What Were the Primary Goals of the Writers of the 14th Amendment?

Objectives

  • Students will critically examine the historical background of the fourteenth amendment
  • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.7; VUS.14; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.4; GOVT.11:

Lesson 4: Did Key Supreme Court Rulings on Affirmative Action Get it Right?

Objectives

  • Students will critically examine pivotal Supreme Court affirmative action cases.
  • Students will evaluate Supreme Court opinions and dissents
  • Students will distinguish between dissenting and affirmative opinions by Supreme Court justices.
  • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.7; VUS.14; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.4; GOVT.11:

Lesson 5: Is Affirmative Action Needed Today?

Objectives

  • Students will examine modern day positions on Affirmative Action in college admissions.
  • Students will determine possible solutions to current Affirmative Action case in the federal courts

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL):  VUS.1; VUS.14; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.10; GOVT.11.

Lesson 6: Take Action!

Objectives  

  • Students will chose a civic engagement activity to advocate on behalf of their positions on the topic at hand

Standards:

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.910.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELALiteracy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9. ·
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.2; VUS.3; GOVT.1; GOVT.3:  

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