Reparations, Housing, and the Law

Can Reparations Solve the Problems Created
By Race-Based Housing Discrimination?

Owning a home is one of most important ways families can build generational wealth over time. Because of race-based housing discrimination from the past to the present, Black Americans have not been able to buy and own homes in the same way as White Americans. The law has played a major role in this inequity, considering that the courts have set legal precedent around racial discriminatory housing policies. Current debates regarding the need for reparations for Black Americans point to housing discrimination as a key reason federal or state governments should provide Black Americans with reparations. This inquiry allows students to look closely at key legal cases related to race and housing, including an analysis of redlining, blockbusting and racial covenant laws. Students are then challenged to use their historical knowledge to think about what should be done in the present to create a fair solution for Black Americans denied equal opportunity to housing. 

blackbusting
"Two hundred fifty years of slavery. Ninety years of Jim Crow. Sixty years of separate but equal. Thirty-five years of racist housing policy. Until we reckon with our compounding moral debts, America will never be whole."
Ta-Nehesi Coates

Helpful Hints

  • Historical Empathy
    • When reading and discussing issues, encourage students to try taking the perspective of people from that time period when discussing point of view.
  • Discussion Questions
    • The discussion questions are the key element of the lessons. It is imperative that students discuss questions amongst themselves with the teacher acting as the facilitator. Please refer to guidelines on transactive discussion tips and techniques.
  • Writing prompts
    • Writing prompts are also key in reinforcing the new information and the discussion that has taken place. The prompts allow students to integrate the perspectives they have heard into a cohesive argument.
    • Make sure students complete writing prompts even if it means assigning the prompt as homework.

Lesson 1: Transactive Discussion Practice

Objectives

  • Students will practice engaging in transactive discussions
  • Students will examine photos related to race, housing, and the law within the U.S. context

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.1.b; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.1.c; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.1.d; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.9-10.3

Documents

Lesson Plans

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Lesson_1.pdf193.63 KB

Photo Powerpoints

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Handouts

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Lesson 2: What is the Historical Landscape of Housing Discrimination in the United States? Pt. 1

Objectives

  • Students will examine the history and effects of housing discrimination in the United States, including redlining and its consequences
  • Students will discuss the implications of law and policy within historical and present-day context.
  • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry.

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

 

Documents

Lesson Plans

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Lesson_2.pdf176.88 KB

Handouts

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Discussion Questions

Supplemental Activities

Lesson 3: What is the Historical Landscape of Housing Discrimination in the United States? Pt. 2

Objectives

  • Students will examine the impact of three different forms of housing discrimination: discriminatory lending, blockbusting, and contract selling.
  • Students will discuss the implications of law and policy within historical and present-day context.
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry.
    • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Documents

Lesson Plans

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Lesson_3.pdf190.37 KB

Handouts

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Discussion Questions

Supplemental Activities

Lesson 4: How did BUCHANAN V. WARLEY (1917) and CORRIGAN V. BUCKLEY (1926) Impact Housing Discrimination Against Black Americans?

Objectives

  • Students will interpret the Buchanan v. Warley and Corrigan v. Buckley decisions and their consequences.
  • Students will examine the impact of racial covenants and exclusionary practices in the housing market.
  • Students will discuss the implications of law and policy within historical and present-day context.
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry.
    • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards:

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Documents

Lesson Plans

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Lesson_4.pdf192.33 KB

Handouts

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Discussion Questions

Supplemental Activities

Lesson 5: How Did SHELLEY V. KRAEMER (1948) Impact Housing Discrimination Against Black Americans?

Objectives

  • Students will critically examine the Shelley v. Kraemer et al. (1948) court case through its background, facts, legal issue, and the Supreme Court’s decision and reasoning.
  • Students will continue to examine the impact of restrictive covenants and exclusionary practices in the housing market.
  • Students will discuss the implications of law and policy within historical and present-day context.
  • Students will examine the actions of people and organizations as examples of activism outside the courtroom context.
  • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards:

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Documents

Lesson Plans

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Lesson_5.pdf184.52 KB

Handouts

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Discussion Questions

Supplemental Activities

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Lesson 6: How Did H JONES V. ALFRED H. MAYER CO. (1968) Impact Housing Discrimination Against Black Americans?

Objectives

  • Students will interpret the Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. decision and its consequences.
  • Students will discuss the implications of law and policy within historical and present-day context.
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry.
  • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources

Standards:

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

 

Documents

Lesson Plans

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Lesson_6.pdf192.94 KB

Handouts

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Discussion Questions

Supplemental Activities

Lesson 7: How Did TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING V. INCLUSIVE COMMUNITIES PROJECT, INC. (2015) Impact Housing Discrimination Against Black Americans?

Objectives

  • Students will critically examine the recent Texas Department of Housing v. Inclusive Communities Project, INC. (2015) court case through its background, facts, legal issue, and the Supreme Court’s decision and reasoning.
  • Students will discuss the implications of law and policy within historical and present-day context.
  • Students will continue to examine the impact of discriminatory housing practices.
  • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

 

Standards:

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Documents

Lesson Plans

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Lesson_7.pdf180.95 KB

Handouts

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Discussion Questions

Lesson 8: Given the History of Housing Discrimination in the United States, are Black Americans Owed Reparations?

Objectives

  • Students will be introduced to the contemporary discussion around reparations to Black Americans through examining news articles, the H.R. 40 bill, opinion pieces, and videos.  
  • Students will continue to critically examine the ways in which Black Americans have been discriminated against through housing and property ownership in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
  • Students will discuss the implications of law and policy within historical and present-day context.
  • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

 

Standards:

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Documents

Lesson Plans

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Lesson_8.pdf231.81 KB

Handouts

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Discussion Questions

Lesson 9: Take Action!

Objectives  

  • Students will chose a civic engagement activity to advocate on behalf of their positions on the topic at hand

Standards:

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.910.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELALiteracy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9. ·
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.2; VUS.3; GOVT.1; GOVT.3:  

Documents

Lesson Plans

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Lesson_9.pdf272.15 KB

Handouts

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