Voting and the Law

Given the Past, What Should Be Done to Ensure the Right to Vote is Fair and Accessible in America?   

Voting in elections is a marker of a free society because it gives citizens a voice in political processes. Everyone has not always have the right to vote in America though. Certain communities have been denied the right to vote due to issues like racism and sexism. The U.S. legal system has played an important part of this because it has justified the exclusion or promoted the enfranchisement of different groups of voters. With each generation, new issues related to voting the legal system must consider arise. To fully understand current voting rights issues, one must have a clear understanding of the past.

This inquiry allows high school students to consider key legal cases related to voting rights, including a historical analysis of 19th-century Reconstruction Acts and the ways the 2020 presidential election affects voting rights today. These activities culminate in a challenge for students to use their historical knowledge and take action for the best solution for voting rights in  their state, local, or national community . 

 

Black man voting In the South
“My dear friends, your vote is precious, almost sacred.
It is the most powerful nonviolent tool we have to make a more perfect union.”
John Lewis

Helpful Hints

  • Historical Empathy
    • When reading and discussing issues, encourage students to try taking the perspective of people from that time period when discussing point of view.
  • Discussion Questions
    • The discussion questions are the key element of the lessons. It is imperative that students discuss questions amongst themselves with the teacher acting as the facilitator. Please refer to guidelines on transactive discussion tips and techniques.
  • Writing prompts
    • Writing prompts are also key in reinforcing the new information and the discussion that has taken place. The prompts allow students to integrate the perspectives they have heard into a cohesive argument.
    • Make sure students complete writing prompts even if it means assigning the prompt as homework.

Lesson 1: Transactive Discussion Practice

Objectives

  • Students will examine photos related to Voting Rights.
  • Students will learn how to engage in transactive discussions

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Lesson 2: What the Impact of Reconstruction and Jim Crow on Black People's Voting Rights?

Objectives

  • Students will examine the impact of the 15th Amendment.
  • Students will examine the rise of Jim Crow Laws and Black Codes
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry.
  • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Lesson 3: What Was the Impact of the 15th and 19th Amendment on Voting Rights?

Objectives

  • Students will examine the impact of the 15th Amendment and 19th Amendment
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Lesson 4: What is the Voting Rights Act and What Was Its Impact?

Objectives

  • Students will examine the impact of the Voting Rights Amendments
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry.

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Lesson 5: What Was Shelby v. Holder and What Was its Impact on Voting Rights?

Objectives

  • Students will examine the impact of Shelby v. Holder 
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry.
    • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Lesson 6: What is Gerrymandering and What is Its Impact on Voting?

Objectives

  • Students will examine the impact of Gerrymandering.
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry.
    • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Lesson 7: What Happened During the 2020 Election and the Aftermath?

Objectives

  • Students will examine the 2020 Election
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry.
    • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Lesson 8: What Was the Impact of Voting Changes in Georgia?

Objectives

  • Students will examine the impact of the 2020 election Georgia’s voting laws
  • Teacher will introduce, clarify, and reinforce challenging terms that will support students’ understanding of the materials.
  • Teacher will introduce and/or review the use of primary source documents in supporting historical inquiry.
    • Students will be able to distinguish between primary and secondary sources.

Standards

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9.
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.9a; GOVT.1; GOVT.3; GOVT.12

Lesson 9: Take Action!

Objectives  

  • Students will chose a civic engagement activity to advocate on behalf of their positions on the topic at hand

Standards:

  • Common Core: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.2; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.910.9; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.1; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2; CCSS.ELALiteracy.RH.11-12.3; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.5; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.8; CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.9. ·
  • VA Standards of Learning (SOL): VUS.1; VUS.2; VUS.3; GOVT.1; GOVT.3:

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